Heat exchangers, pipes and boilers were once frequently insulated with asbestos.
Pre-formed cuttings of asbestos insulation – often multi-layered – were made to fit the pipe width. They would be strapped on, wrapped in calico, and then to protect them against abrasion and knocks would sometimes be sealed with a hard plaster or simply painted. Also used were other kinds of felts, blankets, tapes, ropes and corrugated papers, all of them containing asbestos.